Simple Precautions Against the Spread of H5N1 Bird Flu
It is always simpler to prevent than treat a problem. The major role of fire departments is to prevent rather than fight fires that are already in progress. If one single avian flu virus mutates and is able to spread from the bird hosts to a human being - that is all that is necessary in essence to start a pandemic of the fearful pandemic of influenza.
The H5N1 flu virus strain has the inherent abilities of the influenza strain to mutate and change year to year on a regular ongoing basis. If the virus attained the ability and abilities to be easily transmitted , or even not so easily transmitted from person to person - this could lead to a local pandemic. With modern travel methods - whether by road , rail , sea and especially air transport - then the illness could easily jump local , national and geographic barriers and even spread around the globe. Worse yet there are no effective vaccines available should a situation of bird to human transmission arises.
A vaccine would no be available until the virus was isolated , cultivated and grown. Even then the production of the vaccine might be a year away. And this would suppose that logistical supports would be in place - including the availability of the culture medium for the vaccine virus - poultry eggs , which would be in very short supply , due to preventive culling of poultry. This does not take into account disruptions in the normal modern communications and transport system - normally very reliable , but with the population either too ill to work , or staying at home to prevent infection and spread of the viral illness.
When an outbreak is first detected the first step is preventive culling and destruction of the birds and their residues - including the fecal material in a manner such as high heat to destroy all viral and possible viral spread and reinfection and reintroduction materials and routes. The steps of culling and destruction must be thorough and determined. Not a bird must be left. Often small farmers fear the loss of income from the destruction of their flocks. These are often small, so called "backyard flocks" and may be the farmer's family only sources of income. In these cases compensatory payments go a long way in the successful progress of a successfully program. Ducks as well as chickens, and geese must be culled. Often along migratory flyways the wild birds spread the disease further. There must be observation and counting system for the identification and counts of wild birds found dead or ill . One marker bird is the crow bird.
A percentage of the culled animals - 1% to 1.5 % , must be sent to laboratories for analysis and testing. Once an area is cleaned and considered free of infected birds the area must be kept free of any poultry for a good time period 3 - 4 months since the virus might remain and linger in the infected area. This way an isolation area and time period is created and maintained.
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